Traditional Western medicine has historically overlooked spiritual well-being, but a growing body of evidence suggests that spiritual and religious practices can have significant health benefits, especially for mental health. Studies show that higher levels of spirituality and religiousness are linked to lower levels of depression, suicide, and substance misuse. Engaging in sustained spiritual practices like attending church, praying, meditating, or helping others may also protect against posttraumatic stress disorder and enhance psychological growth following a stressful situation.
According to Lisa Miller, PhD, founder of the Spirituality Mind Body Institute at Teachers College, Columbia University, these practices can provide a sense of support and comfort during times of despair. People who find meaning and purpose through their spirituality are often better prepared to cope with adversity. Furthermore, these practices can lead to tangible physical changes in the brain. Certain regions associated with emotion, insight, and self-image are activated during spiritual experiences, while parts of the brain linked to depression can thicken with sustained spiritual engagement.
Miller emphasizes that consistent spiritual practice is essential to reap the full benefits, comparing it to other behavioral interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy. An ongoing spiritual practice has been shown to lower the risk of depression, regardless of religious affiliation, and can be deeply personal and individualized. According to Brandon Vaidyanathan, PhD, a connection to a higher power or to a sense of the transcendent can take many forms, from nature to humanitarian causes to the universe itself.
Formal religious beliefs and practices are not necessary for spiritual well-being, as practicing gratitude, compassion, community service, or simply enjoying art, nature, or science can also contribute to spiritual health. Vaidyanathan underscores the importance of connecting with others and shares that belonging to a religious community has a more robust impact on well-being compared to spirituality alone. However, he notes that non-religious spiritual communities may offer similar benefits.
While religious or spiritual communities can provide a sense of belonging and support, it’s important to recognize that not all experiences within these communities are positive and there are potential negative implications for mental health. Anna Yusim, MD, a clinical assistant professor at Yale School of Medicine, integrates religious and spiritual practices into her treatment protocols, catering to each patient’s individual beliefs and needs. She emphasizes the importance of engaging the spiritual aspect of one’s being to achieve a sense of wholeness and well-being.