India’s Act East policy, previously known as the Look East Policy, has been a consistent effort by New Delhi since the end of the Cold War. Initially focused on ASEAN and economic engagement in Southeast Asia, it has now expanded to include strategic partnerships with countries like Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Australia. The policy aims to strengthen cooperation in areas like defense, especially given the increased competition among regional players.
The success of India’s Act East policy hinges on the stability of neighboring countries, especially in the current context of challenges in Myanmar and Bangladesh. Instability in these nations has added complexity to India’s Northeast region, with ongoing conflicts, separatism, and insurgencies.
To address these challenges, a fresh policy approach is needed, starting with a thorough analysis of vulnerabilities and potential areas for improvement.
Recent events in Myanmar have disrupted major infrastructure projects between India and Myanmar, impacting connectivity and trade. In Bangladesh, political upheaval has led to the suspension of critical infrastructure projects, hindering movement of people and goods.
Furthermore, the refugee crisis in India’s Northeast poses additional challenges, exacerbated by tensions and protests over citizenship laws.
The evolving geopolitical landscape underscores the need for India to reassess its Act East Policy in three key areas: revisiting engagement strategies in Bangladesh and Myanmar, emphasizing a humanitarian approach, and aligning with changing geopolitical dynamics.
Rethinking India’s Act East Policy
India must adapt to the shifting dynamics in these countries, engaging with local power centers in Myanmar and reevaluating its strategy with Bangladesh. A more humane and strategic approach towards refugees could yield long-term benefits, while also addressing geopolitical challenges posed by major powers like China.
A nuanced policy that accommodates refugees and fosters positive regional relationships is crucial for India’s security and stability in its eastern neighborhood.