Recent events in the Red Sea have highlighted a security vulnerability related to undersea telecommunications cables.
In early March, UAE officials reported possible attacks on three cables in the Red Sea by Yemen’s Houthi rebels, although the Houthis denied involvement. These cables are crucial for internet and telecommunications connectivity across various regions, including Asia-Africa-Europe 1, Europe India Gateway, Seacom, TGN-Gulf, and HGC Global Communications.
The cuts affected 25% of communications between Asia and Europe, necessitating immediate remedial actions such as rerouting by companies like Tata Communications. These undersea cables serve as a major internet and telecommunications chokepoint, with significant global implications.
Undersea cables are vital infrastructure, with over 500 commercial cables connecting countries worldwide. Big tech companies like Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft play a dominant role in owning or leasing undersea bandwidth, highlighting potential vulnerabilities in the system.
There have been intentional and unintentional attacks on undersea cables, necessitating improved protective measures. A recent incident in Southern France and the Nord Stream pipeline attack underscore the importance of securing undersea telecommunication cables.
Damage to undersea cables can also occur due to natural events, as seen in Tonga after a volcanic eruption. The repair of undersea cables is complex and costly, emphasizing the need for robust protective measures.
Identifying the cause of cable damage is a challenge, as it can result from various factors such as fishing nets, weather, or ship anchors. Distinguishing between intentional attacks and accidents is crucial for improving governance and regulatory measures for undersea cable security.
To address undersea cable security threats, companies should invest in diverse cable consortiums and create redundancy to mitigate disruptions. Multilateral efforts, such as the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience, can enhance global collaboration in protecting undersea cables.